Biochip Sensor Array News - McDevitt Research Labs UT Austin

Saliva test may speed heart attack diagnosis
by Megan Rauscher
Yahoo! News
04/21/2008

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A simple saliva test may one day be used in ambulances, restaurants, neighborhood drug stores, or other places in the community to quickly tell if a person is having a heart attack.

"Proteins found in the saliva have the ability to rapidly classify potential heart attacks," Dr. John T. McDevitt, a biochemist at the University of Texas at Austin, told Reuters Health. more... (pd f)

What's in your spit? Signs of a heart attack, researchers say
What's next? Scientists expect saliva to help detect and prevent cancers, too
by Mary Ann Roser
Austin American Statseman
04/18/2008

The next time you spit, consider this: Your saliva might one day be used to diagnose or prevent a heart attack.

If research by scientists and dentists in Texas and Kentucky bears out, heart attack patients in several years could be diagnosed in an ambulance by analyzing a few drops of saliva, saving precious time at the hospital, researchers said. more... (pdf) watch movie

Saliva Can Help Diagnose Heart Attack
by Lee Clippard
University of Texas College of Natural Sciences Press Release
04/16/2008

AUSTIN, Texas—Early diagnosis of a heart attack may now be possible using only a few drops of saliva and a new nano-bio-chip, a multi-institutional team led by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin reported at a recent meeting of the American Association for Dental Research.

The nano-bio-chip assay could some day be used to analyze a patient's saliva on board an ambulance, at the dentist’s office or at a neighborhood drugstore, helping save lives and prevent damage from cardiac disease. The device is the size of a credit card and can produce results in as little as 15 minutes. more... (pdf)

Next Generation Cardiac Diagnostics Using Saliva-Based Nano-Bio-Chip Sensors
PRESS RELEASE
04/16/2008

It's the middle of the night when you suddenly feel pain in your chest. You try to ignore it at first, but your chest pain has you scared and worried. Could you be having a heart attack? Should you wake up your tired spouse? Should you go to the emergency room? Or is this pain simply derived from another false alarm. Unfortunately, to many Americans, the decision to seek rapid treatment in this situation is not clear-cut. Many heart attack victims, especially women, experience nonspecific symptoms and many heart attack victims secure medical help too late after permanent damage to the cardiac tissue has occurred. New saliva-based nano-bio-chip tests presented this week by a multi-University team promise to dramatically improve the accuracy and speed of cardiac diagnosis, at a fraction of the cost of am emergency room visit. These new tests, which could analyze a patient's saliva on board an ambulance or at a neighborhood drugstore, are nothing to “spit at”. more... (pdf)

Spit-Sample Test Quickly Identifies Breast Cancer
by Maria Fontanazza
R&D Digest (originally published MD&DI March 2008)
03/08

Thanks to a nanobiochip, a woman could know in minutes whether she has breast cancer by spitting into a cup. A team of researchers at the University of Texas (UT) developed the saliva-based test, which could detect breast and other types of cancer in the future.

The lab-on-a-chip system miniaturizes a test that is traditionally conducted in large labs. Its concept was born more than a decade ago at UT with the help of professors John McDevitt, PhD, and Charles Streckfus. DDS. They were working independently on different elements of saliva-based diagnostics at separate campuses of UT. more...(pdf)

Integrated Nano-Bio-Chip Sensor Systems: From Bio-terrorism to Humanitarian Applications
by John T. McDevitt
HSEMB Symposium on Micro and Nanotechnologies
02/2008

Homeland defense, in vitro diagnostics industries and humanitarian sectors share the goal of developing new test systems that can influence in a positive manner important global health issues. All these areas have limited resources and all face significant technical challenges that serve as impediments to improvement of the infrastructure for global health and security. Indeed, the marriage of micro-fabrication and in vitro diagnostic devices serves as a combination that may play a key role in developing the next generation diagnostic devices that can be affordable and accessible for all humanity. Accordingly, new nano-materials and nano-device concepts are combined in this program so as to develop a suite of customized nano-bio-chip that can operate at the point-of-need with reduced cost. While these lab-on-a-chip systems exhibit impressive analytical and diagnostic capabilities as compared with gold standards (such as pH meters for acidity, ELISA for protein analysis, FDA approved automated instruments for cardiac risk factors and planar DNA chips for nucleotide detection), their compact design and low cost also allows for their use in numerous important applications areas. This talk will explore the synergies between the homeland defense, human medicine and humanitarian efforts in areas where these nano-bio-chip sensor systems show promise. more...(pdf)

Detecting Cancer With Saliva
by Natalie Camarata
University of Texas College of Natural Sciences Press Release
01/10/2008

HOUSTON, Texas—Biochemist John McDevitt’s lab-on-a-chip technology was used by researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston to identify and quantify specific protein markers in human saliva to provide an early, non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer.

The hope is that people may some day receive cancer screening simply and quickly during regular visits to the dentist or other health care facilities.

“Why not the dentist?” said lead researcher Charles Streckfus, D.D.S., a University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston professor of diagnostic sciences with an expertise in salivary function and molecular epidemiology. “Most folks, especially women and children, visit the dental office way more often than they ever see the physician. Saliva is a non-invasive, quicker way for detection.” more...(pdf)

LabNow gets $20 million investment
Cash infusion to help develop device used in AIDS treatment
by Lilly Rockwell
Austin American Statesman
11/12/2007

LabNow Inc., an Austin biotech company that has developed a portable device that will help treat AIDS patients in Africa and Asia, has secured an investment of $20 million.
The company, which was on a shoestring budget only seven months ago after spending its initial $14 million investment, now has a "chance to do everything we had hoped with this money," CEO Rick Hawkins said. "This is very exciting for us."

The lead investor is Dallas-based Sammons Enterprises, with additional money from Austin Ventures and local private investors.

Hawkins said the $20 million will help the company establish a manufacturing line and conduct clinical trials necessary to win Food and Drug Administration approval for its toaster-size device that can analyze a drop of blood. more...(pdf)

Lab-on-a-chip sensor rapidly diagnoses oral cancer
Oncology News International
Web Posted: 11/01/2007 cancernetwork.com

AUSTIN, Texas—Wedding high technology to recent advances in understanding the molecular biology of oral squamous cell carcinoma, a University of Texas research team has developed a prototype sensor that can diagnose the most common form of oral cancer in about 10 minutes without a biopsy.

The fully automated lab-on-a-chip measures levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed by oral cancers. The researchers are now expanding the sensor's detection powers to include other proteins and genes that serve as biomarkers for the cancer before they begin clinical trials.more...(pdf)

Commercialize this: 10-minute cancer test
Tech Confidential Blog
Web Posted: 08/22/2007

Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have come up with a simple-to-use and cheap device that can detect cancerous cells while a patient waits in the doctor's office. Currently the device tests for oral cancer cells but could likely be adapted to detect cervical cancer cells as well. The device is made of acrylic and contains a fluorescent tag that adheres to proteins found in cancerous cells, known as biomarkers. Patient samples with cancerous cells then glow green under a fluorescent microscope. The equipment needed to perform the test is relatively cheap, and the process takes about 10 minutes. more...(pdf)

Ten-minute cancer test*
by Katherine Bourzac
ABC News: Technology & Science
Web Posted: 08/21/2007

Researchers are developing a microfluidics device that can identify cancer cells during a routine visit to the doctor's office.

Researchers at the University of Texas are developing a microfluidics device that detects oral-cancer cells in 10 minutes and is simple and cheap enough for use in the dentist's office. The device could be adapted to test for other cancers, including cervical cancer. It works well on cancer cells grown in the lab and is currently being tested on biopsies from oral-cancer patients. more...(pdf)

*Above referenced article also published by
MIT Technology Review (pdf)
08/21/2007

Ten-minute cancer screening possible
by R. Colin Johnson
EE Times: Design News
Web Posted: 08/13/2007 03:26 PM EDT

A new in-office test for oral cancer that takes only 10 minutes will soon be available using lab-on-a-chip microfluidic electronics, according to scientists supported by the National Institutes of Health. Billed as the world's first fully automated, all-in-one test, the lab-on-a-chip electronic reader, which is about half the size of a toaster, can scan cells brushed from the inside of the mouth with a swab. more...(pdf)

Lab on a Chip for Oral Cancer Shows Promise*
National Institutes of Health Press Release
Web Posted: 08/08/2007

Finding out whether that unusual sore in your mouth is cancerous should become a lot faster and easier in the years ahead. Scientists supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), part of the National Institutes of Health, have engineered the first fully automated, all-in-one test, or lab on a chip, that can be programmed to probe cells brushed from the mouth for a common sign of oral cancer.

About half the size of a toaster, the portable device yields results in just under 10 minutes, or well within the duration of a routine visit to a dentist or doctor. Currently, patients must undergo an often painful tissue biopsy and usually wait three days to a week for the lab results. “What’s exciting is the speed and efficiency that this test will bring to the diagnostic process,” said John McDevitt, Ph.D., a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin and the senior author on the paper, published in the August issue of the journal Lab on a Chip. “No longer will patients need to endure referrals, long waits for test results, and scheduling follow up consultations. Patients will get immediate results and feedback from their dentist or doctor on how best to proceed.”. more...(pdf)

*Above referenced article also published by
Viddya Medical News Service (pdf)
08/21/2007

Lab-on-a-Chip Device Developed to Screen for Oral Cancer

Lab-on-a-Chip Oral Cancer Screening Tests
University of Texas at Austin Press Release
Austin, Texas

This year about 34,000 Americans will be diagnosed with oral or throat cancer. These types of cancer will result in over 8,000 deaths this year, or about 1 person every hour, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Of the 34,000 newly diagnosed oral cancer patients, only half will be alive in 5 years. The prognosis for this group of cancer patients has not significantly improved over the last few decades. Worldwide the problem is much greater, with over 350,000 new cases each year.
The reason for the high mortality rate here is that oral cancer is typically discovered only in the late stages of its development. Once discovered, oral cancer is particularly dangerous because it tends to produce second site, primary tumors. Unfortunately, for patients that do survive a first encounter, they have up to a 20 times higher risk of developing a second type of cancer. There are many types of oral cancers, but 90% fall into the type of squamous cell carcinomas.

Many oral cancer patients are diagnosed during a dental exam. While there are some tools used by dentists to help diagnose the disease, most of the tools lack the sensitivity and selectivity to make this diagnosis reliable or are associated with side effect for the patient. New methodologies that can be used at the point-of-care are desperately needed to help improve the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities for this area. Follow up visits which serve to follow the progression of the disease after treatment are one area that may be particularly well suited for a lab-on-a-chip portable oral cancer screening unit. We are now involved in an active collaboration supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Division of the NIH that pairs the McDevitt lab at the University of Texas at Austin with the labs of Dr. Spencer Redding and Dr. Chih-Ko Yeh at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.

In this paper published in Lab on a Chip (featured on inside front cover), we describe a lab-on-a-chip system that may be suitable for the screening of oral cancer patients. more...(pdf)

Spit May Expedite Medical Diagnoses
by Don Finley
San Antonio Express-News Medical Writer
Web Posted: 05/12/2007 03:26 AM CDT

First you spit.

Apply a drop or two of saliva to a plastic card, about the size of a bar coaster, embedded with a tiny chip. Fifteen minutes later, find out what ails you — from infections to heart disease to certain cancers.

That's the idea behind a federally funded, $6.1 million project that includes researchers from San Antonio, Austin and Kentucky. At the heart of the project is a lab on a chip, developed by chemists and engineers at the University of Texas at Austin. A biosensor the size of a microchip can be taught to recognize dozens of antibodies and proteins that point to specific diseases. more...(pdf)

Professor John McDevitt's research uses saliva to diagnose health and disease
UT Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry press release
12 March 2007

Innovative saliva-based health diagnostic tools will be developed by Professor John McDevitt through a $6 million, multi-institutional grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Saliva-with its slimy mix of proteins, hormones and antibodies-can tell a lot about a person's health, and it is much easier and less painful to collect than blood. But, the medical community lacks the technologies to perform large-scale salivary diagnostics. With collaborators at three medical schools, Professor McDevitt aims to develop lab-on-a-chip sensor systems for measuring important biomarkers in saliva samples.(pdf)

Texas Researchers Aim to Use Saliva To Diagnose Health and Disease
by Lee Clippard
UT College of Natural Sciences press release
12 February 2007

AUSTIN, Texas—Innovative saliva-based health diagnostic tools will be developed by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin through a $6 million, multi-institutional grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Saliva—with its slimy mix of proteins, hormones and antibodies—can tell a lot about a person’s health, and it is much easier and less painful to collect than blood. But, the medical community lacks the technologies to perform large-scale salivary diagnostics. more...(pdf)

Dental Compare: The Buyer's Guide for Dental Professionals featured the above UT press item in their Restorative News on 12 February 2007.

UT Heads Up Medical Research Project
Austin Business Journal
12 February 2007

The University of Texas is leading a $6 million research project to develop medical diagnostic tools that involve saliva rather than blood.

Saliva contains proteins, hormones and antibodies that can serve as key indicators about a patient's health, and it's easier and often less painful to obtain than blood. But no technology exists on a large scale for doctors to study saliva as a diagnostic tool more...(pdf)

Oral-Based Diagnostics Overview
New York Academy of Sciences eBriefings
by Bob Roehr
4 January 2007

Blood and urine samples are the basis for over 90% of routine medical tests performed today. But as the use of diagnostic tests proliferates, there is an increasing call for less invasive procedures in clinical practice. Oral-based diagnostics are a leading alternative, and their use has expanded rapidly over the last decade.

The search for biomarkers for disease and response to therapy has focused on blood because of its systemic reach and the robust size of the sample. But few patients take kindly to multiple blood draws, they require skilled personnel, and all those who handle samples run the risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens. more...(pdf)

DEVICES TO DROOL FOR: Miniaturized analytical techniques are now sensitive enough to detect traces of biomarkers in saliva. Is saliva ready for point-of-care diagnostic devices?
by Rajendrani Mukhopadhyay
ACS Publications: Analytical Chemistry, 1 July 2006

Which would you prefer: getting a needle stuck into your arm for a blood test or spitting into a cup? Most people would grab the cup.

Officials at the U.S. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) realize that. Since the early 2000s, they have been coaxing physicians and researchers to consider saliva as a diagnostic fluid, much like blood or urine. Now that miniaturized analytical techniques are sensitive enough to detect trace amounts of analytes in saliva, they think it’s time to make point-of- care salivary diagnostic devices commonplace (1–3).

NIDCR has funded multidisciplinary approaches to develop saliva-based devices to diagnose illnesses like oral cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases, and pancreatic cancer. “The real end goal here, something that we think is technically feasible, is to create a lab-on-a-chip [device] that is sufficiently small that it can be placed in your mouth so that it’s there all the time,” says Lawrence Tabak, the director of NIDCR. more...(pdf)

Faster Testing for HIV Patients
by Caroline Dobrey
The Daily Texan, 16 November 2005

A new portable test undergoing development by chemistry and biochemistry professor John McDevitt seeks to dramatically increase the potential and speed of the HIV-testing process and treatment. "The stakes are high, with 8,000 people a day dying," McDevitt said. The new test will provide HIV patients with immediate results concerning the number of CD4+ cells, which are white blood cells that HIV attacks and destroys in the immune system more...(pdf)

Handheld Puts AIDS Fight in Field
by Courtney Barry
Wired News, 03 November 2005

A new HIV test the size of a credit card promises to diagnose the disease in minutes rather than weeks, and could be deployed in sub-Saharan Africa as early as next year. The device could solve one of the vexing problems of AIDS treatment in underdeveloped countries, where patients are not within easy reach of medical facilities. By providing an on-the-spot diagnosis, doctors hope to close the gap between the cracks. more... (pdf)

UT researchers work on fighting cancer, HIV - One professor's studies successful in rat test; colleague's technology could be used in Africa soon.
by Courtney Cavaliere
The Daily Texan, 01 October 2005

John McDevitt, a professor in the College of Natural Sciences, has spent the past eight years developing HIV-fighting technology that could soon be implemented in Africa. Meanwhile, Kimberly Kline, an ecology professor, and Bob Sanders, a microbiology professor, have conducted preclinical studies on an innovative way to cure cancer that has been successful in tests with rats. more... (pdf)

Former Senator Bill Bradley Joins LabNow Board of Directors
LabNow News
08 August 2005

LabNow, Inc., an innovative provider of lab-on-a-chip technology, has announced the appointment of former Senator Bill Bradley to the company's Board of Directors.

Rick Hawkins, Chairman and CEO of LabNow, expressed his excitement regarding Senator Bill Bradley's appointment. "Senator Bradley brings a wealth of knowledge and skills to LabNow. HIV/AIDS is a highly politicized disease and his legislative experience on healthcare issues acquired during his eighteen years as Senator of New Jersey, the heart of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology world, is a major asset to the company. Bill Bradley's accomplishments speak for themselves.Rhodes Scholar, NBA Hall of Fame, U.S. Senator. I know that his input will add immeasurable energy and value to LabNow's cause." more... (pdf)

Handheld device 'could monitor HIV cheaply'
by Priya Shetty
SciDev.Net, 19 July 2005

Researchers have developed a cheap, fast and portable way of monitoring HIV patients' immune systems.

They aim to develop it into a handheld device that could greatly improve HIV treatment for people living in rural areas in poor countries with few medical resources. more...(pdf)

Austin American Statesman - "John McDevitt has a sense for science applied."

On a sunny Saturday afternoon in May at entrepreneur Rick Hawkins' stunning home overlooking Town Lake, John McDevitt looked happy and relaxed. Dressed in a polo shirt and ...read more.

Application of microchip assay system for the measurement of C-reactive protein in human saliva.

In the last decade, saliva has been advocated as a non-invasive alternative to blood as a diagnostic fluid. However, use of saliva has been hindered by the inadequate sensitivity of current methods to detect the lower salivary concentrations of many constituents compared to serum... read more

Lab on a Chip Cover Article / Gallery of LOC Covers / Direct Link to Research Article

Daily Texan - "UT Researchers Create Sensors to Monitor Lymphocyte Production."

If there is an electronic eye and an electronic nose, it follows that there should be an electronic tongue. This tongue sensed salty, sweet, bitter and sour, and it was the humble beginning of a revolutionary..read more

Heart disease test within spitting distance
by Rowena Milan
Chemistry World, March 2005

US researchers have come up with a novel microchip-based assay with the potential to help diagnose heart disease and associated inflammatory conditions.

High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood is a strong risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and it is also associated with inflammatory oral infections. more...(pdf)

The Business Of Nanotech
By Stephen Baker and Adam Aston

There's still plenty of hype, but nanotechnology is finally moving from the lab to the marketplace. Get ready for cars, chips, and golf balls made with new materials engineered down to the level of individual atoms

Pity the poor alchemists. They spent the Middle Ages in candle-lit laboratories, laboring to brew universal elixirs and to turn base metals into gold or silver. They failed utterly. By the dawn of the Scientific Revolution, researchers equipped with microscopes founded modern chemistry -- and dismissed alchemy as hocus-pocus more...(pdf)

Royal Society of Chemistry - Chemical Technology Application Highlights

LabNow developer of rapid, point-of-care HIV testing device joins the Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS (GBC)
LabNow Press Release
Global Business Coalition, 17 January 2005

LabNowT, Inc. a Texas based point-of-care diagnostics company has joined the Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS (GBC), the pre-eminent organization leading the business fight against AIDS, more...(pdf)

LabNow lands $14M investment
Austin Business Journal, 01 October 2004

Austin-based LabNow Inc. has raised $14 million in first-round funding from the Soros Group, Austin Ventures LP and other investors.

The money will be used to develop the company's technology and to launch its initial product, CD4Now, a point-of-care diagnostic tool for HIV/AIDS patients. more... (pdf)

Firm commercializing University of Texas technology rounds up $14 million venture capital investment

LabNow Announces $14 Million in Funding
LabNow News, 30 September 2004
Diagnostics Firm Investment Led by George Soros

Austin, Texas---September 30, 2004---LabNow, Inc., developer of a Point-of-Care diagnostic system, announced that it has raised $14 million in equity financing from a syndicate of private and venture investors led by George Soros, with the participation of Austin Ventures. Funds will be used to develop the company's technology and to launch its initial product, CD4NowT, which will be used in monitoring the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients more... (pdf)

Austin-based company will build device to improve treatment in developing countries
By Renuka Rayasam
Austin American Statesman, 09 July 2004

A toaster-sized device developed at the University of Texas that holds promise for helping treat people with HIV in developing countries will be unveiled next week at the International AIDS Conference in Bangkok, Thailand.

The device allows doctors in remote areas to quickly and cheaply conduct a key diagnostic test that now requires a huge and expensive machine more... (pdf)

Monitoring Treatment:At What Cost?
By Jon Cohen
Science Magazine, 25 June 2004

In the past year, China, India, and Thailand each announced ambitious national programs to provide free anti-HIV drugs to people who need them most. Pharmaceutical companies in all three countries have followed Brazil's lead in producing generic versions of brand-name drugs, at a fraction of the cost. Now comes the hard part: figuring out how best to use the drugs.

Simply identifying patients and getting drugs to them will tax the resources of many countries. And it's no small task to educate patients about the side effects and the importance of taking all of their pills, notes Joep Lange, an AIDS researcher at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, who will co-chair the upcoming international conference in Bangkok. But for clinicians, there's an additional hurdle: how to perform tests that are essential for effective treatment but are now prohibitively expensive more... (pdf).

Thwarting Bioweapons and Deadly Infections. Faculty in the College of Natural Sciences develop protective measures to combat deadly invaders

Alongside sculptures of William Shakespeare and Duke Ellington in Central Park rests one of a four-legged hero: a dog that led a sled team across the Alaskan tundra in a blinding blizzard to rescue a city from a diphtheria epidemic.

The time was 1925, and the path traveled by Balto has since been immortalized by the Iditarod Sled Dog Race. With Dr. Brent Iverson's influence, a more far-reaching tribute to the Alaskan malamute is in the works.

Iverson, a professor of chemistry and biochemistry, is among a handful of chemists, engineers and biologists on campus who are racing to develop methods to rapidly treat or rapidly detect infectious diseases that could serve as biological weapons more... (pdf).

Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Awards $2 Million for Development of Low Cost Diagnostics for HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment: Ten Teams Selected to Develop Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Therapeutic Monitoring Tools for AIDS Patients in Low-Resource Settings
ICRA Press Release, 23 September 2003

NEW YORK, N.Y., September 23, 2003 - The Doris Duke Charitable Foundation today announced the recipients of the 2003 Doris Duke Innovation in Clinical Research Awards (ICRA). The awards will provide a total of up to $2 million to 10 investigators or teams of
investigators to develop "Point-of-Care" diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring tools to care for AIDS patients in resource-poor areas of the world. Each project will receive up to $200,000 over two years. A list of the applicants who have been selected to receive grants is provided below more... (pdf).

Portable CD4 Monitor Arms Fight Against AIDS
By Amy Castor
Design News, 16 June 2003

Newton, MA-Two boulders block the road to fighting AIDS in poor countries: the high cost of drugs and figuring out who needs the medicine. Thanks to the work of activists and the emergence of generic drug companies, drug costs have plummeted over the last two years. And now a simple-to-use CD4 T-cell monitor may provide a portable, plausible way to identify when to begin treatment.

Working on shoestring funds, William Rodriguez, an AIDS researcher at Massachusetts General Hospital and instructor at Harvard Medical School, and John McDevitt, a chemist at the University of Texas in Austin, have created a prototype for a CD4 monitor that eventually will fit into a shirt pocket more...(pdf)

Researchers Report Quick, Inexpensive HIV Test
FOCUS News from Harvard Medical, dental and Public Health Schools, Research Briefs, 21 February 2003

Researchers in the HMS Division of AIDS, working with scientists at the University of Texas, Austin, have invented a device that could revolutionize the way HIV-infected people are monitored and treated in the world's poorest and most vulnerable populations. The tool--which works by capturing immune cells on a microchip and then analyzing them--is fast, inexpensive, and ultimately expected to fit in the palm of the hand. And it requires no more than a drop or two of blood from a simple finger stick more... (pdf).

Fast, Portable Device to Ease AIDS Testing
Excerpted from The Wall Street Journal
The Body, 14 February 2003

A portable, rapid test that measures immune cells in people with AIDS could soon be available for less than $1 in poor countries, making it easier to identify patients most in need of medicines. The postage- stamp size device captures and counts the crucial CD4 cells, which direct the body in fighting off infections and are directly targeted by HIV more...(pdf)

2002

Poor Countries Need Faster, Cheaper, Better HIV Monitoring
by Anne-christine d'Adesky
The American Foundation for AIDS Research, January 2002

Three million people throughout the world died of AIDS last year, of whom 2.3 million were Africans. The enormous scale and relentless pace of [quote]the HIV epidemic has fueled activists' demands for wider access to HIV treatment. The Indian generic drug producer Cipla has dropped the cost of a generic three-drug anti-HIV regimen - d4T, 3TC and nevirapine - to a record low price of $38 (1,800 rupees) a month.

With affordable therapy almost at hand, tremendous pressure exists to deliver HIV drugs quickly to Africa as well as to Asia, where a simmering epidemic threatens to explode. The equation has a major new element: political will at the highest echelons of world government, backed by money, or talk of money. In the wake of last summer's United Nations Special Session on AIDS, a new Global Fund for HIV, Malaria and TB was created to help buy drugs for poor countries more... (pdf)

Electronic Tongue That Mimics The Real Thing
taken from The University of Texas at Austin School of Engineering
Science Daily, 01 November 1998

AUSTIN, Texas -- While artists may complain that critics' taste exists only in their mouths, UT Austin engineers and scientists have now successfully placed it on a silicon chip.

Using chemical sensors, these University of Texas at Austin researchers designed an electronic tongue that mimics the real thing. Like its natural counterpart, it has the potential someday to distinguish between a dazzling array of subtle flavors using a combination of the four elements of taste: sweet, sour, salt and bitter. And in some ways it has outdone Mother Nature: it has the capacity to analyze the chemical composition of a substance as well more... (pdf)